Oral retinoid

Acitretin (أسيتريتين)

Acitretin is an oral retinoid used by dermatology specialists for severe disorders involving excessive skin thickening. It causes severe birth defects and requires a strict pregnancy-prevention programme and regular monitoring.

This medicine is used under close medical supervision, usually by a specialist. Never start, stop or change it without your doctor.

What it is used for

  • Severe extensive psoriasis or psoriasis resistant to other treatments
  • Pustular psoriasis of the hands and feet
  • Severe inherited ichthyosis and selected severe keratinisation disorders
  • Other serious skin conditions selected by a dermatology specialist

How it is used

  • Swallow the capsule whole with food or milk as prescribed by the dermatology specialist
  • Do not change or stop treatment without discussing it with the specialist team
  • Attend pregnancy, liver, lipid, glucose and other tests according to the monitoring plan
  • Never share the medicine and return unused capsules to a pharmacy

Possible side effects

  • Dry, cracked lips and skin and dry eyes or nose
  • Hair loss or brittle nails
  • Raised blood lipids or changes in liver function
  • Muscle, joint or bone pain
  • Headache or vision changes, particularly reduced night vision

Who should not use it

  • Pregnancy or pregnancy potential without full adherence to the pregnancy-prevention programme
  • Breastfeeding
  • Severe liver or kidney disease or persistently very high blood lipids
  • Use of methotrexate, tetracyclines, vitamin A or another retinoid

Before and while using it

  • It can cause severe birth defects; follow the pregnancy-prevention programme and testing for the full period specified after stopping
  • Do not donate blood during treatment or for the period required by the programme afterwards
  • Avoid alcohol because it can prolong persistence of a related substance in the body
  • Protect your skin from sunlight and report severe headache, vomiting or sudden vision change
  • Tell your clinician promptly about yellow skin, severe abdominal pain or marked mood changes
  • Dry eyes may make contact lenses difficult to wear and night vision may worsen

Medicine interactions

  • Methotrexate increases the risk of liver injury
  • Tetracyclines can increase pressure inside the skull
  • Vitamin A and other retinoids increase toxicity
  • Some hormonal contraceptives are not adequate on their own; follow the specialist prevention programme

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • It is strictly contraindicated in pregnancy and requires effective contraception and testing before, during and for the prolonged programme-defined period after treatment
  • It is contraindicated during breastfeeding

How to store it

  • Keep in the original pack away from moisture, heat and children's reach, and return unused capsules to a pharmacy

Get medical help straight away if

  • Your face, lips or tongue swell, or you find it hard to breathe.
  • You get a severe rash, blistering or peeling skin.
  • A side effect worries you or doesn’t go away: contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Questions about this medicine?

Talk to a doctor by video, or send your question by text.

Source: Standard international medicine references

This guide is general information and doesn’t replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Don’t start, stop or change a medicine without asking them, and always read the leaflet in the pack.