Dopamine-receptor agonist for Parkinson's disease

Apomorphine (أبومورفين)

Apomorphine is a fast-acting dopamine agonist that restores movement during sudden off periods in advanced Parkinson's disease. A specialist starts it in an equipped clinic, and it is given by subcutaneous injection or pump infusion; despite its name, it is not the opioid morphine.

This medicine is used under close medical supervision, usually by a specialist. Never start, stop or change it without your doctor.

What it is used for

  • Treating motor off periods in Parkinson's disease when oral medicines are insufficient
  • Reducing severe motor fluctuations with subcutaneous infusion in selected patients
  • Rapidly relieving stiffness and slow movement within a neurologist's plan

How it is used

  • Treatment starts in a specialist clinic to establish response and monitor blood pressure, heart rhythm and nausea
  • Use the injection pen or pump cartridge under the skin after training and never inject it into a vein
  • Rotate sites, avoid lumps or inflamed skin, inspect the solution and never use it if it has turned green
  • Never change pump settings or other Parkinson's medicines yourself
  • Attend requested ECG, blood tests and reviews of behaviour and sleepiness

Possible side effects

  • Lumps, pain or redness at injection sites
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Dizziness or low blood pressure on standing
  • Sudden sleepiness, hallucinations or confusion
  • Involuntary movements

Who should not use it

  • Respiratory depression, dementia, psychosis or severe liver impairment
  • Severe involuntary movement or dystonia during a good levodopa response
  • Use of ondansetron or a related antagonist prohibited by the label
  • Allergy to apomorphine, sulfites or any ingredient

Before and while using it

  • Fainting, palpitations or chest pain can indicate severe hypotension or a rhythm problem and needs urgent assessment
  • Sudden sleep can occur without warning; do not drive if sleepiness develops
  • Compulsive gambling, buying, eating or increased sexual drive must be reported to the team
  • Compulsive medicine overuse can occur and requires patient and carer monitoring
  • Pallor, jaundice or bruising can indicate haemolysis or low platelets and needs a blood test
  • Injection-site ulceration, necrosis or a painful lump needs review of technique

Medicine interactions

  • Ondansetron and selected related anti-sickness medicines can cause severe hypotension and loss of consciousness and are contraindicated
  • Domperidone and medicines prolonging cardiac repolarisation require ECG and interaction review
  • Blood-pressure medicines increase dizziness and hypotension
  • Antipsychotics oppose its effect and either condition can worsen

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • It is used in pregnancy only for a clear need under specialist care because information is limited
  • It is unknown whether it enters milk, and the team decides whether breastfeeding or treatment continues

How to store it

  • Store cartridges or vials as directed and protected from light; never use green or cloudy solution, and discard the device after its stated in-use period

Get medical help straight away if

  • Your face, lips or tongue swell, or you find it hard to breathe.
  • You get a severe rash, blistering or peeling skin.
  • A side effect worries you or doesn’t go away: contact your doctor or pharmacist.

Questions about this medicine?

Talk to a doctor by video, or send your question by text.

Source: Standard international medicine references

This guide is general information and doesn’t replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist. Don’t start, stop or change a medicine without asking them, and always read the leaflet in the pack.